{
 "name": "BetG8 Enforcement Index",
 "as_of": "2026-10-16",
 "license": "CC BY 4.0",
 "url": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/prediction-market-enforcement-index.html",
 "definition": {
  "tier1": "Barred or restricted: a court order, enforced settlement or state order limits Kalshi sports event contracts for people located in the state.",
  "tier2": "Active challenge: a lawsuit, criminal charge, regulator letter or final judgment is live, but no order blocks the contracts today.",
  "tier3": "No state enforcement action reported."
 },
 "current": {
  "tier1": 7,
  "tier2": 15,
  "tier3": 28,
  "acted": 22
 },
 "history": [
  {
   "date": "2026-08-10",
   "tier1": 7,
   "tier2": 14,
   "tier3": 29,
   "acted": 21,
   "note": "Re-audited under the October 2026 rules. Published at the time as 7 / 10 / 33."
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-09-18",
   "tier1": 7,
   "tier2": 15,
   "tier3": 28,
   "acted": 22,
   "note": "Missouri enters tier 2 with cease-and-desist letters to six platforms."
  },
  {
   "date": "2026-10-16",
   "tier1": 7,
   "tier2": 15,
   "tier3": 28,
   "acted": 22,
   "note": "Current reading. Kentucky remand recommendation and Ohio deadline do not change tiers."
  }
 ],
 "states": [
  {
   "state": "Alabama",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-alabama.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Alaska",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-alaska.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Arizona",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "20 criminal counts filed March 17; arraignment enjoined by a federal court; CFTC sued the state.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-arizona.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Arkansas",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-arkansas.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "California",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-california.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Colorado",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-colorado.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Connecticut",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "DCP cease-and-desist Dec 2025; Kalshi injunction denied Aug 10; state sued Kalshi Aug 26.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-connecticut.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Delaware",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-delaware.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Florida",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-florida.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Georgia",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-georgia.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Hawaii",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-hawaii.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Idaho",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-idaho.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Illinois",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "Gaming Board treats sports contracts as unlicensed wagering; sports contracts unavailable. Oct 2 federal injunction protects Kalshi and Coinbase from the licensing law; per-contract fee still briefed.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-illinois.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Indiana",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-indiana.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Iowa",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Kalshi sued the state pre-emptively; case pending.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-iowa.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Kansas",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-kansas.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Kentucky",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "AG sued Kalshi, Polymarket and VGW June 17; magistrate recommended remand to state court Oct 14.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-kentucky.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Louisiana",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Gaming Control Board cease-and-desist letters; no lawsuit filed.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-louisiana.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Maine",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-maine.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Maryland",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Kalshi lost at district court; Fourth Circuit argued May 7; state agreed not to enforce pending appeal.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-maryland.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Massachusetts",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "Preliminary injunction against sports contracts; SJC appeal pending.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-massachusetts.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Michigan",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "Preliminary injunction Sept 1, 2026, $500,000 a day; Robinhood and Coinbase withdrew by agreement.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-michigan.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Minnesota",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Statutory ban enjoined July 28 before taking effect; state defending the law.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-minnesota.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Mississippi",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-mississippi.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Missouri",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "AG cease-and-desist letters to six platforms Sept 18; 30 days to comply.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-missouri.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Montana",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "Sports event contracts reported unavailable after state action.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-montana.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Nebraska",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-nebraska.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Nevada",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "Settlement geofence on sports, election and entertainment contracts since Aug 12, 2026; Ninth Circuit ruled for Nevada Aug 28.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-nevada.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Hampshire",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-new-hampshire.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Jersey",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "State enjoined by the Third Circuit April 6; certiorari petition filed Sept 2, 39 states and the NFL in support.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-new-jersey.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "New Mexico",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Regulator action and tribal suits; no court order.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-new-mexico.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "New York",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "AG sued Kalshi July 31 and Polymarket US Sept 24; Kalshi lost its injunction bid July 7, appeal pending.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-new-york.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "North Carolina",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-north-carolina.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "North Dakota",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": ""
  },
  {
   "state": "Ohio",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "$5M fine and cease-and-desist; Kalshi injunction denied and affirmed by the Sixth Circuit Sept 25; ten more platforms ordered to stop by Oct 16.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-ohio.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Oklahoma",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-oklahoma.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Oregon",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-oregon.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Pennsylvania",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-pennsylvania.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Rhode Island",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "AG sued Kalshi and Polymarket May 21; Kalshi and the CFTC sued the state.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-rhode-island.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "South Carolina",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-south-carolina.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "South Dakota",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": ""
  },
  {
   "state": "Tennessee",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Cease-and-desist Jan 10; Kalshi injunction reversed by the Sixth Circuit Sept 25; state may enforce.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-tennessee.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Texas",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-texas.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Utah",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "State won summary judgment Aug 4; Tenth Circuit refused to block enforcement Sept 8; no shutdown ordered.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-utah.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Vermont",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-vermont.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Virginia",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-virginia.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Washington",
   "tier": 1,
   "tier_label": "Barred / restricted",
   "detail": "King County order of Aug 14 geofences six market categories; comprehensive geofence due Sept 2.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-washington.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "West Virginia",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-west-virginia.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Wisconsin",
   "tier": 2,
   "tier_label": "Active challenge",
   "detail": "Judge denied the CFTC an injunction; state may enforce.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-wisconsin.html"
  },
  {
   "state": "Wyoming",
   "tier": 3,
   "tier_label": "No action reported",
   "detail": "No state enforcement action reported.",
   "page": "https://www.betg8.com/articles/is-kalshi-legal-in-wyoming.html"
  }
 ]
}